Exploring the Dynamic Realm of Information Technology

  1. What Are Software Engineering Principles? Software Engineering Principles are fundamental guidelines and best practices that help engineers design, develop, test, deploy, and maintain software systems in a systematic, reliable, cost-effective, and scalable manner. These principles aim to: . Reduce software complexity . Improve maintainability and reliability . Ensure high quality . Control cost and time . Handle change effectively . They act as rules of discipline that transform programming into engineering. 2. Core Objectives of Software Engineering Principles The main goals are: Correctness – Software must meet requirements. Reliability – Software should work consistently. Efficiency – Optimal use of resources. Maintainability – Easy to modify and update. Scalability – Able to grow with demand. Reusability – Components reused in other systems. Security – Protect data and functionality. 3. Fundamental Software Engineering Principles 3.1 Abstraction Definition: Abstract...

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computers, networks, programs, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, damage, or misuse. It includes everything from a simple password lock to advanced threat hunting and malware analysis. 1. WHAT IS CYBERSECURITY? Cybersecurity means: ✔ Protecting Confidentiality Only authorized people can access information. Example: Password, encryption. ✔ Protecting Integrity Data must not be changed, deleted, or corrupted by attackers. Example: Digital signatures, hashing. ✔ Ensuring Availability Systems must stay accessible when needed. Example: Protection against DDoS attacks, backup systems. This is called the CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability). It is the foundation of cybersecurity. 2. TYPES OF CYBERSECURITY Cybersecurity has many branches. Let’s explain each deeply. 2.1. Network Security Protecting networks against intruders. Includes: 1. Firewalls 2. Intrusion Detection & Prevention (IDS/IPS) 3. VPNs 4. Network segment...

 What Is Cybersecurity? Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computers, mobile phones, networks, data, and online accounts from hackers, viruses, and cyber attacks. Cybersecurity = Digital Safety. Just like you lock your house to protect your things, cybersecurity protects your online life. Why Is Cybersecurity Important? Because we store everything online now: . Personal photos . Banking information . Passwords . WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook . Emails . Work files . Online shopping details . Hackers try to steal, misuse, or destroy this information. Without cybersecurity, you can lose: . Money . Personal accounts . Private photos . Identity . Online privacy Common Cyber Threats (Attacks You Should Know) 1. Phishing Fake emails/messages that look real. Example: "Your bank account is blocked. Click here to fix." When you click, the hacker steals your information. 2. Malware Software that harms your device: Virus Trojan Spyware Ransomware These can steal data or lock you...